A HARVESTED PREDATOR-PREY MODEL WITH PREY REFUGE UNDER UNCERTAIN ENVIRONMENTS
Keywords:
Fuzzy biological parameters, Predator-prey system, Stability, Harvesting, Prey refugeAbstract
This study develops a predator-prey management model that integrates species-specific harvesting, a refuge mechanism jointly associated with prey and predator densities, and environmental parameter uncertainty. Triangular fuzzy numbers represent uncertainty in the prey intrinsic growth rate, predator mortality, and conversion efficiency. The ω-cut and utility-function procedures yield a deterministic model for equilibrium and local stability analysis. The analysis identifies the feasibility conditions for trivial, axial, and positive interior equilibria. Numerical experiments evaluate the effects of fuzzy weights, the uncertainty level, refuge intensity, and harvesting effort. The results indicate that appropriate refuge promotes stable coexistence, whereas excessive harvesting can destabilize coexistence or induce population loss. The proposed analytical scheme provides a basis for evaluating harvesting strategies when ecological parameters are imprecisely known.References
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